Dying on TV: Should we be watching?
June 23, 2009
- Posted by Regan Ray
Videos of the death of a woman in Iran now known as Neda Agha-Soltan, hit You Tube on the weekend, and soon spread to news websites and television newscasts. The video is graphic. It shows the end of a young woman's life.
Editors and producers chose to handle the video, shot by a bystander, in different ways -- with sound, without sound, in whole or in part, with the dying woman's face blurred. Many used a screen shot taken from the video. Some only linked to the video on You Tube. Most warned viewers.
Information about the situation in Iran is sketchy and the Associated Press could not initially verify the woman's identity or the circumstances around her death because foreign news organizations have been barred from reporting on the streets of Tehran and the Iranian government didn't release any information. But AP noted that the people posting the video say the woman was shot by a member of the pro-government Basij militia.
The Huffington Post reported that "at least two recordings of Soltan's death, shot from different angles by what appear to camera phones, began appearing widely online Saturday, the day thousands of protesters defied an order from Iran's supreme leader and marched to demand a new election. Waiting police and pro-government militia launched baton charges, tear gas and water cannons.One of the amateur videos of Soltan is 40 seconds long, the other only 14."
CBC aired the video on television without sound and Agha-Soltan's bloody face blurred out. Reporter Nahlah Ayed spoke over the video.
In another television segment, CBC host Heather Hiscox speaks over the video, and again the dying woman's face is blurred. Hiscox asks Agha-Soltan's friend, Armin Abedi, what it was like for him to watch the video. A link to the video on You Tube is available on cbc.ca's story, under a screen shot image from the video and the statement: "Warning: it contains graphic content."
A search of the CTV website shows an AP story, with a still image from the video.
CTV National News interviewed Iranian-Canada journalist CTV Ramin Mahjouri on Sunday evening and filmed Mahjouri watching the video of Agha-Soltan's death on his computer. The camera zoomed closely into the video over Mahjouri's shoulder. The sound could be heard, but only a short clip of the video is shown, avoiding the graphic close-up at the end.
Global National aired a portion of the video on Sunday, with sound but also avoiding the close-up, and prefaced it with a warning to viewers.
On the newspaper front, The Globe and Mail ran a screen shot from the video and linked to the video on You Tube, with the word warning in bold and the explanation: "This video shows graphic, highly disturbing content."
The National Post also ran a screen shot on its story , but provided a link to the video on a post to the NP Posted blog.
In a couple of U.S. examples, CNN ran the video in full, with sound, many times, during various segments. CBS News aired the video, showing the woman's face at first, but then blurring out the woman's face a few seconds in when blood appears.
What do you think about the way the editors and producers at various organizations handled the footage?
What would you have done?
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Years ago, I participated in an American-produced reality/documentary series called "Trauma in the ER." As videographers, we had unrestricted access to hospital emergency rooms, and we filmed the most graphic scenes imaginable of open wounds and medical interventions.
The producers had only two provisos: We don't show genitalia. And we don't show people dying. "Nobody wants to see a dead patient," we were told. We could film in extreme (and invasive) close-up the traumatic and often bloody moments leading up to death, but we could not show the final breath.
Those provisos struck me as absurd then, and they do so now. People die in hospitals, and they die on battlefields, and they die in civil unrest. But the gatekeepers of good taste and propriety feel we need to be protected from the stark images, the actuality, of death, as if it were an obscenity.
Of course, those pictures may engender strong emotion. They should. Those are emotions we all need to feel. It is arrogant and presumptuous of an editor or a journalist to take upon himself or herself the role of guardian of some imagined sense of "good taste."
An editor must ask herself two questions: Is the material essential to the viewer's understanding of the event? Does the benefit of airing the material outweigh the harm?
On the first question, the uncensored image and sound demonstrates the reality of the crackdown and the consequences of the Supreme Leader's threats a day earlier. It is horrible, but it is the reality of the situation. The truth of this injustice would not hit Canadians in such a visceral way if the images were censored.
On the second question, one must consider the impact upon family members, some of whom might be living in Canada. This country has a large Iranian ex-pat community, and it's not unconceivable that family members might even learn of her death though these images. Some stations played it correctly by first airing blurred out images and then, when enough time had passed, airing the uncensored ones. Even so, a convicing argument can be made that the benefit of showing the Canadians the reality of state terror perpetrated by a government on its own people outweighs the risk of hurting family members in Canada.
Would we show such an image of a Canadian? Probably not, but our government generally doesn't shoot peaceful protesters after stealing an election. If it did, the stakes would be higher than normal, and the media would be quite justified in showing the images.
Mainstream news media have to quit worrying about what advertisers think, and broadcast information that helps the global community at large understand the atrocities of life and death.
As long as there is fair warning, and it is not malicious, or done in a sensational manner, it is ethical and necessary.
If mainstream doesn't do it, the internets will.
I think people need to be made aware of the harsh reality in places like iran and of what they are facing in their fight for democracy.
To not show the video is censorship and is protecting people from understanding the full scope of the situation in Iran.
The video literally brought me to tears and my heart goes out to all the innocent people in the world who have suffered and died defending what they believe is right in a peaceful way.